Engineering Codes by Discipline — Family Index

Companion to standards-bodies. Where the standards-bodies note catalogs the organizations that publish (ASME, ISO, IEC, NFPA, FAA, FDA, …), this note catalogs the codes themselves organized by discipline, with code number, revision, and scope. SI units primary. Code numbers and revisions reflect editions current as of 2026-05.

A standard is a voluntary technical specification. A code is a standard adopted by an authority having jurisdiction (AHJ) such that compliance becomes legally enforceable. The same document (e.g., NFPA 70) is a standard until a jurisdiction’s electrical-licensing law incorporates it by reference; then it is a code. Codes typically reference standards.

1. At a glance — by discipline pillar

Pillar	Primary US code(s)	Primary international
Building / structural	IBC, IRC, ASCE 7, AISC 360, ACI 318	Eurocode 0-9, GB 50010/50017
Pressure equipment	ASME BPVC I-XII	PED 2014/68/EU + EN 13445
Piping	ASME B31.1/.3/.4/.8/.12	EN 13480
Mechanical / HVAC	IMC, ASHRAE 15/34/62.1/90.1	EN 12831, EN 13779
Electrical wiring	NFPA 70 NEC, IEEE C2 NESC	IEC 60364, BS 7671, VDE 0100
Fire protection	NFPA 13/25/72/101	EN 12845
Aerospace	FAR Parts 23/25/27/29/33/35 + DO-178C	EASA CS-23/25
Automotive	FMVSS (49 CFR 571)	ECE WP.29, ISO 26262
Medical device	FDA 21 CFR 820 + 510(k)/PMA	EU MDR 2017/745, ISO 13485
Oil & gas / offshore	API + 49 CFR 192/195	DNV-OS, ISO 19900, NORSOK
Functional safety	IEC 61508 + IEC 61511	ISO 13849, ISO 26262
Energy / grid	IEEE 1547, IEEE 519, UL 1741	IEC 61400, IEC 62548, AS 4777
Environmental	EPA NPDES/RCRA, ISO 14001	EU REACH, RoHS, CLP/GHS
Software / functional	NIST SP 800-53, MISRA C/C++	ISO/IEC 27001, ISO/IEC 12207

2. Building / structural — US

International Code Council (ICC) “I-Codes” — revised on a 3-year cycle, current edition 2024:

• IBC International Building Code (2024) — commercial/multifamily structural, fire, life-safety umbrella.
• IRC International Residential Code (2024) — 1- and 2-family dwellings ≤ 3 stories.
• IEBC International Existing Building Code (2024) — repair, alteration, change of occupancy.
• IFC International Fire Code (2024) — fire-prevention/operations.
• IMC International Mechanical Code (2024) — HVAC, refrigeration, exhaust.
• IPC International Plumbing Code (2024) — water-supply, DWV.
• IFGC International Fuel Gas Code (2024).
• IECC International Energy Conservation Code (2024) — envelope, lighting, HVAC efficiency.
• IPSDC International Private Sewage Disposal Code (2024).
• ISPSC International Swimming Pool and Spa Code (2024).
• IZC International Zoning Code (2024).
• IPMC International Property Maintenance Code (2024).
• IWUIC International Wildland-Urban Interface Code (2024).

Referenced structural standards:

• ASCE/SEI 7-22 Minimum Design Loads and Associated Criteria — dead/live/snow/wind/seismic/flood/ice/tsunami; primary load reference invoked by IBC.
• AISC 360-22 Specification for Structural Steel Buildings (LRFD + ASD).
• AISC 341-22 Seismic Provisions for Structural Steel Buildings.
• AISC 358-22 Prequalified Connections for Special and Intermediate Steel Moment Frames.
• AISC 360 Appendix 4 elevated-temperature/fire design.
• ACI 318-19 (Reapproved 2022) Building Code Requirements for Structural Concrete + Commentary.
• ACI 350 Environmental Engineering Concrete Structures (tanks).
• TMS 402/602-22 Building Code Requirements and Specification for Masonry Structures (joint TMS/ACI/ASCE; replaced legacy ACI 530).
• AWC NDS-2024 National Design Specification for Wood Construction.
• AISI S100-16 (2020 reaffirmed) North American Specification for Cold-Formed Steel Structural Members.
• AWC SDPWS-2021 Special Design Provisions for Wind and Seismic.
• ASCE 41-23 Seismic Evaluation and Retrofit of Existing Buildings.

3. Building / structural — international

• Eurocodes EN 1990-1999 — adopted by all EU member states with National Annexes:
  • EN 1990 basis of structural design
  • EN 1991 actions (loads)
  • EN 1992 concrete
  • EN 1993 steel
  • EN 1994 composite steel-concrete
  • EN 1995 timber
  • EN 1996 masonry
  • EN 1997 geotechnical
  • EN 1998 earthquake
  • EN 1999 aluminum
• China — GB 50010 (concrete), GB 50017 (steel), GB 50011 (seismic), GB 50009 (loads), GB 50007 (foundations).
• Japan — Building Standard Law + AIJ recommendations + JIS steel standards.
• Canada — NBCC 2020 (National Building Code of Canada); CSA-S16 (steel), CSA-A23.3 (concrete), CSA-O86 (timber).
• Australia — NCC (National Construction Code) referencing AS 3600 (concrete), AS 4100 (steel), AS 1170 (loads), AS 1684 (timber).
• UK — Building Regulations 2010 + Approved Documents A-S; structural Eurocodes with UK National Annexes (post-Brexit retained).

4. Pressure equipment

ASME Boiler and Pressure Vessel Code (BPVC) — 2023 edition, 12 sections:

• I Rules for Construction of Power Boilers.
• II Materials — A ferrous, B non-ferrous, C welding/brazing/fusing rods/electrodes, D properties (allowable stress, yield, ultimate, modulus, thermal expansion).
• III Rules for Construction of Nuclear Facility Components (Divisions 1, 2, 3, 5 high-temperature).
• IV Rules for Construction of Heating Boilers.
• V Nondestructive Examination — RT, UT, MT, PT, ET, VT, leak.
• VI Recommended Rules for Care and Operation of Heating Boilers.
• VII Recommended Guidelines for Care of Power Boilers.
• VIII Div. 1 Pressure Vessels — design-by-rule, conservative; bulk of US industrial vessels.
• VIII Div. 2 Alternative Rules — design-by-analysis; lower safety factor in exchange for more rigor (FEA, fatigue assessment).
• VIII Div. 3 Alternative Rules for Construction of High-Pressure Vessels — generally > 70 MPa (10 ksi).
• IX Welding, Brazing, and Fusing Qualifications — WPS, PQR, WPQ.
• X Fiber-Reinforced Plastic Pressure Vessels.
• XI Rules for Inservice Inspection of Nuclear Power Plant Components.
• XII Rules for Construction and Continued Service of Transport Tanks (cargo tanks, intermodal portable tanks).

Adjacent:

• ASME PCC-1-2022 Guidelines for Pressure Boundary Bolted Flange Joint Assembly.
• ASME PCC-2 Repair of Pressure Equipment and Piping.
• ASME FFS-1 / API 579 Fitness-For-Service (joint with API).
• EU Pressure Equipment Directive (PED) 2014/68/EU — CE marking for PS·V > thresholds; harmonized standards EN 13445 (unfired pressure vessels), EN 12952 (water-tube boilers), EN 12953 (shell boilers).
• UK PED Regulations 2016 + Pressure Systems Safety Regulations 2000 (PSSR).
• Gas cylinders — ISO 11119 (composite), ISO 11120 (seamless steel ≥ 150 L), DOT 3AA / 3AL (US transport), UN ADR/RID portable.

5. Piping

ASME B31 Code for Pressure Piping — discipline-segmented:

• B31.1 Power Piping — boiler external + power-plant station piping.
• B31.3 Process Piping — chemical, petrochemical, pharma; most widely used industrial piping code.
• B31.4 Pipeline Transportation Systems for Liquids and Slurries.
• B31.5 Refrigeration Piping and Heat Transfer Components.
• B31.8 Gas Transmission and Distribution Piping Systems.
• B31.8S Managing System Integrity of Gas Pipelines.
• B31.9 Building Services Piping — commercial low-pressure.
• B31.12 Hydrogen Piping and Pipelines.

Adjacent:

• EN 13480 Metallic Industrial Piping (parts 1-8) — European equivalent to B31.3.
• API 1104 Welding of Pipelines and Related Facilities — pipeline-specific WPS.
• ASME B16-series flanges, fittings, valves (B16.5, B16.9, B16.11, B16.34, B16.47) — see pipe-fittings.
• MSS SP-series (Manufacturers Standardization Society) — supplementary fitting specs.

6. Mechanical / HVAC

• IMC 2024 — US umbrella mechanical code.
• ASHRAE 15-2022 Safety Standard for Refrigeration Systems — refrigerant charge limits, machinery-room ventilation, A1/A2L/B2 classification.
• ASHRAE 34-2022 Designation and Safety Classification of Refrigerants — see refrigerants.
• ASHRAE 62.1-2022 Ventilation and Acceptable Indoor Air Quality — commercial; outdoor-air rates per person + per area.
• ASHRAE 62.2-2022 Ventilation and Acceptable IAQ in Residential Buildings.
• ASHRAE 90.1-2022 Energy Standard for Buildings Except Low-Rise Residential — invoked by IECC as alternate compliance.
• ASHRAE 90.2 for low-rise residential.
• ASHRAE 55-2023 Thermal Environmental Conditions for Human Occupancy — PMV/PPD comfort model.
• ASHRAE 188-2021 Legionellosis: Risk Management for Building Water Systems.
• ASHRAE 170-2021 Ventilation of Health Care Facilities — air-change rates by space type.
• AMCA 210 fan testing; AHRI 210/240 unitary AC ratings.
• EU — EN 12831 heat-load calculation; EN 13779 ventilation for non-residential; EN 16798 IAQ.

7. Electrical wiring

• NFPA 70 National Electrical Code (NEC) — US installation code for premises wiring; 3-year cycle, current edition 2026. Articles 90-840 + Annexes. Adopted by state/municipal AHJs.
• CSA C22.1 Canadian Electrical Code (CEC) Part I, 25th edition (2024).
• BS 7671 IET Wiring Regulations — UK, 18th edition (2018) + Amendment 2 (2022); next major revision expected 2026-27.
• IEC 60364 Low-Voltage Electrical Installations — international, parts 1-8; basis for most national wiring codes outside the US/Canada.
• VDE 0100 Errichten von Niederspannungsanlagen — Germany, harmonized with IEC 60364.
• AS/NZS 3000 Australian/New Zealand Wiring Rules, 2018 (Amendment 3 2024).
• NFPA 70E-2024 Standard for Electrical Safety in the Workplace — arc-flash hazard analysis, PPE category, working distance; not premises wiring but worker safety.
• NFPA 79-2024 Electrical Standard for Industrial Machinery.

8. Substation / high-voltage

• IEEE C2 NESC (National Electrical Safety Code) — US utility-side construction of overhead/underground lines, substations; 2023 edition. Distinct from NEC which stops at the service point.
• IEEE C57-series Transformers — C57.12 (general requirements), C57.91 (loading), C57.110 (harmonics).
• IEEE C37-series Switchgear — C37.04 (high-voltage circuit breakers ratings), C37.06 (preferred ratings), C37.20 (metal-enclosed switchgear).
• IEC 61850 Communication Networks and Systems for Power Utility Automation — substation digital protocols (GOOSE, sampled values, MMS).
• IEC 62271 High-voltage switchgear and controlgear (parts 1-318).
• IEC 60076 Power transformers (parts 1-21).
• IEC 60909 Short-circuit currents in three-phase a.c. systems.
• IEEE 80 Guide for Safety in AC Substation Grounding — step/touch potential.
• IEEE 1584 Guide for Performing Arc-Flash Hazard Calculations.

9. Fire protection

NFPA standards governing fire-protection systems:

• NFPA 13-2025 Installation of Sprinkler Systems.
• NFPA 14-2024 Standpipe and Hose Systems.
• NFPA 20-2025 Installation of Stationary Pumps for Fire Protection.
• NFPA 25-2023 Inspection, Testing, and Maintenance of Water-Based Fire Protection Systems.
• NFPA 30-2024 Flammable and Combustible Liquids Code — storage, tanks, dispensing.
• NFPA 70 NEC Chapter 5 (Articles 500-516) — hazardous (classified) locations, Class I/II/III, Division 1/2, Zone 0/1/2/20/21/22.
• NFPA 72-2025 National Fire Alarm and Signaling Code.
• NFPA 101-2024 Life Safety Code — egress, occupancy.
• NFPA 110-2025 Emergency and Standby Power Systems (Level 1/Level 2).
• NFPA 13D / 13R sprinklers for one-/two-family / residential occupancies up to 4 stories.
• NFPA 80 Fire Doors and Other Opening Protectives.
• NFPA 855 Stationary Energy Storage Systems.
• EU — EN 12845 (fixed sprinkler systems), EN 54 (fire detection and alarm components), EN 1366 (fire-resistance of service installations).

10. Aerospace

FAA Federal Aviation Regulations (FAR) — 14 CFR:

• Part 23 Airworthiness Standards: Normal Category Airplanes — 2017 revision (Amendment 23-64) replaced legacy normal/utility/acrobatic/commuter categories with performance-based level system (level 1-4 by passenger count, low/high speed).
• Part 25 Airworthiness Standards: Transport Category Airplanes.
• Part 27 Airworthiness Standards: Normal Category Rotorcraft.
• Part 29 Airworthiness Standards: Transport Category Rotorcraft.
• Part 33 Airworthiness Standards: Aircraft Engines.
• Part 35 Airworthiness Standards: Propellers.
• Part 39 Airworthiness Directives.
• Part 43 Maintenance, Preventive Maintenance, Rebuilding, and Alteration.
• Part 91 General Operating and Flight Rules.
• Part 107 Small Unmanned Aircraft Systems.
• Part 121 Operating Requirements: Domestic, Flag, and Supplemental Operations (air carriers).
• Part 145 Repair Stations.
• EASA Certification Specifications — CS-23, CS-25, CS-27, CS-29, CS-E (engines), CS-P (propellers), CS-UAS — mirror FAA Parts.

Software, hardware, environmental:

• RTCA DO-178C / EUROCAE ED-12C Software Considerations in Airborne Systems and Equipment Certification — DAL A-E; supplements DO-330 (tool qualification), DO-331 (model-based), DO-332 (object-oriented), DO-333 (formal methods).
• RTCA DO-254 / EUROCAE ED-80 Design Assurance Guidance for Airborne Electronic Hardware — DAL A-E for complex electronic hardware (FPGAs, ASICs).
• RTCA DO-160G / EUROCAE ED-14G Environmental Conditions and Test Procedures for Airborne Equipment — 26 sections (temp, altitude, vibration, HIRF, lightning, …).
• RTCA DO-200B / EUROCAE ED-76A Standards for Processing Aeronautical Data.
• RTCA DO-326A / ED-202A Airworthiness Security Process Specification — cybersecurity for airworthy systems.

Material/test/EMI:

• MMPDS-13 (2018, supersedes MIL-HDBK-5J) Metallic Materials Properties Development and Standardization — design-allowable properties for aerospace metals.
• MIL-STD-810H Environmental Engineering Considerations and Laboratory Tests.
• MIL-STD-461G / MIL-STD-464C Electromagnetic Interference / Compatibility.
• MIL-STD-704F Aircraft Electric Power Characteristics (28 VDC, 115 VAC 400 Hz, ±270 VDC).
• MIL-STD-1553B Aircraft Internal Time Division Command/Response Multiplex Data Bus.

Quality:

• AS9100D / EN 9100:2018 / JISQ 9100 Quality Management Systems — Aerospace; ISO 9001 + aerospace additions.
• AS9110C repair stations; AS9120B distributors.

11. Automotive

• FMVSS (49 CFR Part 571) Federal Motor Vehicle Safety Standards — US, NHTSA-administered; e.g., FMVSS 208 occupant protection, 213 child restraints, 301 fuel-system integrity, 305 EV battery integrity, 126 ESC, 138 TPMS.
• UN ECE Regulations (WP.29) — international harmonized regulations under the 1958 Agreement; e.g., R13 (braking heavy), R94 (frontal impact), R95 (side impact), R100 (BEV safety), R155 (cyber-security), R156 (software-update mgmt).
• ISO 26262:2018 Road vehicles — Functional safety — parts 1-12; ASIL A/B/C/D classification via Severity × Exposure × Controllability.
• ISO/SAE 21434:2021 Road vehicles — Cybersecurity engineering.
• ISO 21448:2022 Road vehicles — Safety of the intended functionality (SOTIF) — for AV/ADAS edge-case unsafe behavior absent fault.
• AUTOSAR Classic Platform (R23-11) + AUTOSAR Adaptive Platform (R23-11) — automotive ECU software architecture.
• ASPICE (Automotive SPICE) v4.0 (2023) Process Reference Model and Process Assessment Model — capability level 0-5.
• SAE J1939 vehicle bus for heavy-duty (CAN-based).
• SAE J1772 Electric Vehicle and Plug-In Hybrid EV Conductive Charge Coupler (Type 1).
• SAE J3400 / NACS North American Charging Standard (Tesla connector adopted 2023).
• SAE J3068 Electric Vehicle Power Transfer System Using AC Three-Phase (medium-duty).
• ISO 15118 Road vehicles — Vehicle-to-Grid Communication Interface.
• NCAP programs — Euro NCAP, IIHS, NHTSA NCAP (US), C-NCAP (China), ANCAP (Australasia) — consumer crashworthiness scoring (5-star).

12. Medical device

US:

• 21 CFR Part 820 Quality System Regulation (QSR) — being harmonized with ISO 13485 via 2024 final rule (QMSR effective 2026-02).
• 21 CFR Part 803 Medical Device Reporting (MDR) — adverse-event reporting.
• 21 CFR Part 806 Corrections and Removals.
• 21 CFR Part 807 Establishment Registration / 510(k) premarket notification.
• 21 CFR Part 814 Premarket Approval (PMA) — Class III.
• De Novo classification pathway for novel low/moderate risk; Q-Submission pre-submission engagement.

EU:

• Regulation (EU) 2017/745 MDR Medical Device Regulation — replaced MDD 93/42/EEC (transitional periods extended to 2027-2028).
• Regulation (EU) 2017/746 IVDR In Vitro Diagnostic Regulation — replaced IVDD 98/79/EC.

International:

• ISO 13485:2016 + Amd 1:2021 Medical devices — QMS — Requirements for regulatory purposes.
• ISO 14971:2019 + Amd 1:2024 Application of risk management to medical devices.
• IEC 60601-1:2005 + Amd 1:2012 + Amd 2:2020 Medical electrical equipment — Part 1: General requirements for basic safety and essential performance (Ed. 3.2).
• IEC 60601-1-2:2014 + Amd 1:2020 Electromagnetic disturbances — Requirements and tests (Ed. 4.1).
• IEC 60601-1-6:2010 + Amd 2:2020 Usability (collateral).
• IEC 60601-2-x Particular requirements — e.g., -2-25 (ECG), -2-54 (X-ray radiography), -2-44 (CT), -2-2 (HF surgical).
• IEC 62366-1:2015 + Amd 1:2020 Application of usability engineering.
• IEC 62304:2006 + Amd 1:2015 Medical device software — Software life-cycle processes — safety class A/B/C.
• IEC 80001-1:2021 Application of risk management for IT-networks incorporating medical devices.

Materials (implants):

• ASTM F75 Cobalt-28 Chromium-6 Molybdenum cast.
• ASTM F136 Ti-6Al-4V ELI (extra low interstitial) wrought.
• ASTM F138 wrought 18Cr-14Ni-2.5Mo stainless (316LVM).
• ASTM F2052 MRI environment — measurement of magnetically induced displacement force on passive implants.
• ASTM F2503 Standard Practice for Marking Medical Devices and Other Items for Safety in MR Environment.

13. Oil & gas / pipeline / offshore

(see standards-bodies for full API catalog)

• API 5L Line Pipe; API 5CT Casing and Tubing.
• API 6A Wellhead and Christmas Tree Equipment; API 6D Pipeline Valves.
• API RP 14C Analysis, Design, Installation, and Testing of Safety Systems for Offshore Production Platforms.
• API RP 14J Design and Hazards Analysis for Offshore Production Facilities.
• API 510 Pressure Vessel Inspection Code; API 570 Piping Inspection; API 653 Tank Inspection.
• API 579-1/ASME FFS-1 Fitness-For-Service.
• DNV-OS-C101 Design of Offshore Steel Structures, General (LRFD); DNV-OS-F101 Submarine Pipeline Systems.
• DNV-RP-C203 Fatigue Design of Offshore Steel Structures — S-N curves for marine environment.
• ISO 19900-19911 Petroleum and natural gas industries — Offshore structures — general requirements (19900), fixed steel (19902), floating (19904), concrete (19903), arctic (19906).
• US pipeline — 49 CFR Part 192 (natural gas transmission/distribution), 49 CFR Part 195 (hazardous liquids); PHMSA-administered.
• Canada — CSA Z662 Oil and Gas Pipeline Systems.
• Norway — NORSOK standards (N-001 structural, D-010 well integrity, M-001 materials, P-001 process design).
• IMO MARPOL Annex VI + MEPC marine pollution and emissions.

14. Functional safety / process

• IEC 61508:2010 (Ed. 2) Functional safety of electrical/electronic/programmable electronic safety-related systems — parts 1-7; SIL 1-4; generic basis standard for many sector adaptations.
• IEC 61511:2016 Functional safety — Safety instrumented systems (SIS) for the process industry — IEC 61508 derivative for refineries, chemicals.
• IEC 62061:2021 Safety of machinery — Functional safety of safety-related control systems.
• ISO 13849-1:2023 Safety of machinery — Safety-related parts of control systems — Part 1: General principles for design — Performance Level (PL) a-e.
• ISO 13849-2:2012 Validation.
• ISO 25119 Tractors and machinery for agriculture and forestry — Safety-related parts of control systems — AgPL a-e.
• IEC 61800-5-2:2016 Adjustable speed electrical power drive systems — Functional safety requirements.
• IEC 62279 / EN 50128 Railway applications — Software for railway control and protection systems — SIL 0-4.
• EN 50126 Railway RAMS (Reliability, Availability, Maintainability, Safety).
• EN 50129 Railway — Safety-related electronic systems for signaling.
• IEC 60880:2006 Nuclear power plants — Instrumentation and control important to safety — Software aspects for category A.

15. Energy / wind / solar / grid

• IEC 61400-1 Ed. 4 (2019) Wind turbines — Part 1: Design requirements; classes I/II/III/S by reference wind speed; -2 small turbines, -3 offshore, -22 conformity testing, -24 lightning, -27-1 electrical simulation.
• IEC 62548:2023 Photovoltaic (PV) arrays — Design requirements.
• IEC 61215 Crystalline silicon and thin-film PV modules — Design qualification and type approval.
• IEC 61730 PV module safety qualification.
• IEEE 1547-2018 + Amd 1-2020 + Amd 2-2023 Standard for Interconnection and Interoperability of Distributed Energy Resources with Associated Electric Power Systems Interfaces — Category A/B/I/II/III performance, voltage/frequency ride-through.
• IEEE 519-2022 Recommended Practice and Requirements for Harmonic Control in Electric Power Systems — TDD limits at PCC.
• UL 1741 / UL 1741 SB Inverters, Converters, Controllers and Interconnection System Equipment for Use With Distributed Energy Resources — SB supplement aligns with IEEE 1547-2018.
• UL 9540 / UL 9540A Energy Storage Systems and Equipment / thermal-runaway test.
• AS/NZS 4777.2:2020 Grid connection of energy systems via inverters (Australia/NZ).
• NERC CIP Critical Infrastructure Protection standards (CIP-002 through CIP-014) — bulk electric system cyber + physical security (US/Canada).

16. Environmental

• ISO 14001:2015 Environmental management systems — Requirements.
• ISO 14040:2006 + Amd 1:2020 / 14044:2006 + Amd 2:2020 Life Cycle Assessment — principles + requirements/guidelines.
• ISO 50001:2018 Energy management systems.
• EU REACH Regulation (EC) 1907/2006 — Registration, Evaluation, Authorisation, Restriction of Chemicals.
• EU RoHS 2 Directive 2011/65/EU + (EU) 2015/863 RoHS 3 — adds phthalates DEHP/BBP/DBP/DIBP to the original Pb/Hg/Cd/Cr(VI)/PBB/PBDE.
• EU CLP Regulation (EC) 1272/2008 Classification, Labelling and Packaging — implements UN GHS in the EU.
• US EPA NPDES Clean Water Act § 402 — National Pollutant Discharge Elimination System.
• US EPA RCRA Resource Conservation and Recovery Act (1976) — hazardous waste cradle-to-grave (40 CFR 260-273).
• US EPA CERCLA / Superfund (1980) — contaminated-site remediation.
• EPA Method 5 isokinetic stack sampling for particulate; Method 8 sulfuric acid mist; Method 12 inorganic lead; Method 202 condensable PM.
• ASTM E2825 Standard Guide for Life Cycle Assessment.
• GHG Protocol Corporate Accounting and Reporting Standard — Scope 1/2/3.

17. Material handling / cranes / lift

• ASME B30 series Safety Standard for Cableways, Cranes, Derricks, Hoists, Hooks, Jacks, and Slings — multiple volumes:
  • B30.2 overhead and gantry cranes (top-running, single/multi-girder)
  • B30.5 mobile and locomotive cranes
  • B30.9 slings
  • B30.10 hooks
  • B30.16 overhead hoists (underhung)
  • B30.17 cranes and monorails (with underhung trolley)
  • B30.20 below-the-hook lifting devices
• EN 13001 Cranes — General design (parts 1-3).
• EN 14492 Cranes — Power-driven winches and hoists.
• ASME A17.1 / CSA B44 Safety Code for Elevators and Escalators — harmonized US/Canada elevator code.
• EN 81-20 / EN 81-50 Safety rules for the construction and installation of lifts.
• ASME B20.1 Safety Standard for Conveyors and Related Equipment.
• ANSI MH27.1 / MH27.2 Patented track / Enclosed track underhung cranes and monorails.
• ANSI/ITSDF B56.1 Safety Standard for Low Lift and High Lift Trucks (forklifts).

18. Software / IT

Process and lifecycle:

• ISO/IEC/IEEE 12207:2017 Systems and software engineering — Software life cycle processes.
• ISO/IEC/IEEE 15288:2023 Systems and software engineering — System life cycle processes.
• ISO/IEC 25010:2023 SQuaRE — Quality model (functional suitability, performance efficiency, compatibility, usability, reliability, security, maintainability, portability, safety, flexibility).

Security:

• ISO/IEC 27001:2022 Information security management systems — Requirements; 27002:2022 controls catalog.
• NIST SP 800-53 Rev. 5 (2020) + Rev. 5.1.1 (2023) Security and Privacy Controls for Information Systems and Organizations.
• NIST Cybersecurity Framework (CSF) 2.0 (2024) — Govern/Identify/Protect/Detect/Respond/Recover.
• NIST SP 800-171 Rev. 3 (2024) Protecting CUI in nonfederal systems.
• CWE Common Weakness Enumeration; OWASP Top 10 (2021) — web application risks.

Coding standards (safety-critical):

• MISRA C:2023 (4th ed.) Guidelines for the use of the C language in critical systems — supersedes MISRA C:2012 with Amd 1/2/3/4.
• MISRA C++:2023 — supersedes MISRA C++:2008; aligns with AUTOSAR C++14.
• SEI CERT C / C++ Coding Standards — secure coding rules and recommendations.
• JSF AV C++ Joint Strike Fighter Air Vehicle C++ Coding Standards (Lockheed Martin).

Ergonomics:

• ISO 9241 Ergonomics of human-system interaction — multi-part (e.g., -110 dialogue principles, -210 human-centered design, -11 usability).

19. Cross-references

• standards-bodies — organizations that publish the codes listed here
• units-conversions — SI prefixes and unit-conversion reference
• quality-systems-iso9001 — ISO 9001 QMS deep-dive
• reliability-engineering — RAM analysis, FMEA, FTA, MTBF
• welding-processes — AWS D1.1, ASME IX qualification scope
• pipe-fittings — ASME B16-series flanges and fittings invoked by B31
• refrigerants — ASHRAE 34 safety classification + GWP
• fasteners-taxonomy — ASTM F3125 structural bolting (invoked by AISC 360)

20. Citations

• ICC. 2024 International Building Code and companion I-Codes (2024). International Code Council.
• ASME. Boiler and Pressure Vessel Code, 2023 Edition. The American Society of Mechanical Engineers.
• ASME. B31.3 Process Piping, 2022 Edition.
• NFPA. NFPA 70 National Electrical Code, 2026 Edition. National Fire Protection Association.
• ASCE/SEI. ASCE/SEI 7-22 Minimum Design Loads and Associated Criteria for Buildings and Other Structures (2022).
• AISC. ANSI/AISC 360-22 Specification for Structural Steel Buildings (2022).
• ACI. ACI 318-19 Building Code Requirements for Structural Concrete (Reapproved 2022).
• FAA. 14 CFR Parts 23, 25, 27, 29, 33, 35, 91, 121, 145 (current).
• EASA. Certification Specifications CS-23, CS-25, CS-27, CS-29, CS-E, CS-P (current).
• RTCA. DO-178C Software Considerations in Airborne Systems and Equipment Certification (2011) + supplements DO-330/-331/-332/-333.
• NHTSA. 49 CFR Part 571 Federal Motor Vehicle Safety Standards (current).
• ISO. ISO 26262:2018 Road vehicles — Functional safety (parts 1-12).
• FDA. 21 CFR Part 820 Quality System Regulation (current; harmonization to QMSR effective 2026-02).
• European Parliament and Council. Regulation (EU) 2017/745 on medical devices (MDR).
• ISO. ISO 13485:2016 + Amd 1:2021 Medical devices — Quality management systems.
• IEC. IEC 60601-1:2005 + Amd 1:2012 + Amd 2:2020 Medical electrical equipment — General requirements for basic safety and essential performance (Ed. 3.2).
• IEC. IEC 61508:2010 Functional safety of electrical/electronic/programmable electronic safety-related systems (Ed. 2).
• IEC. IEC 61400-1:2019 Wind turbines — Part 1: Design requirements (Ed. 4).
• IEEE. IEEE 1547-2018 + Amd 1-2020 + Amd 2-2023 Standard for Interconnection and Interoperability of DERs.
• European Parliament and Council. Directive 2014/68/EU on the harmonisation of the laws of the Member States relating to the making available on the market of pressure equipment (PED).